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This paper explores the multifaceted impact of social media on child behavior, focusing on both the positive and negative influences in the digital age. As children increasingly engage with online platforms, the potential for shaping their social, emotional, and cognitive development is significant. On one hand, social media can provide educational opportunities, enhance creativity, and foster connections. On the other hand, it poses risks such as exposure to cyberbullying, addiction, and unrealistic body image standards. The paper examines how social media affects self-esteem, peer relationships, and mental health in children, and discusses the role of parental guidance, digital literacy, and platform regulation in mitigating adverse effects. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the importance of balanced use of social media and highlights the need for ongoing studies to better understand its long-term consequences on child development.